Welcome to the 4th part in our series on the construction of hand-knotted rugs! Today’s blog will focus on preparing the wool for dying and knotting.
Sheep Shearing, Wool Sorting and Washing

Shearing Wool
We won’t spend a lot of time talking about the first 3 steps since they are pretty much the same whether you are gathering wool for making rugs, or the thousands of other uses wool has in our society! Basically, the sheep gets a “haircut”, the wool is sorted based on quality, and then all the dirt (and stones and sticks) is washed out of the wool. Washing the wool is a pretty important step because you have to be careful to wash some of the natural oils (lanolin) out, but not too much. If you leave too much oil in the wool, the wool will repel the dye, but you can’t take too much oil out because you need enough lanolin to make the wool easy to handle and to produce a higher quality thread.
Carding the Wool

Carding Wool
Carding is the process of combing the wool to align the fibers. For the highest quality wool, this is done by hand between 2 combs. To keep labor expenses down, this process is often done by machine – but be aware that this produces an inferior product because a machine pulls the fibers more strongly, weakening the fibers.
Spinning the Wool into Yarn

Spinning Wool
Now here’s where the real skill comes into play! While the majority of wool is spun by machine (more on that below), we will focus on the process of hand spinning. There are two basic types of spindles; the top (or high) whorl spindle which originated in the Middle East, and the bottom (or low) whorl spindle which is used in Europe and the US.
Both types of spindles require a very experienced and skilled spinner to pull a few wool fibers and twist them into yarn – constantly batching in more fibers as the yarn is created. read more »